Strokes are the most common cause of functional disability in adults 1 and the sixth leading cause of death in our country. We also found a positive relation between TNF alpha and intima-media thickness. TNF alpha was not globally associated with functional outcome after acute stroke, just in the lacunar infarction, which has the lowest levels. TNF alpha was not associated with the extension of the stroke by an ASPECTS score with CT or MRI ( p = 0.323) or with the arterial territory involved ( p = 0. Additionally, we found a positive relation between intima media thickness >1 mm and TNF alpha ( p = 0. 852) or at 3 months following discharge ( p = 0.194). 048), and did not correlate with a worse functional outcome upon hospital discharge ( p = 0. TNF alpha levels did not differ between atherosclerotic and cardioembolic stroke etiologies, except for the lacunar infarction, which had the lowest levels ( p = 0.
The most common etiologies were atherosclerotic (39%) and small vessel disease (27%). We used the Chi-square test, the U-Mann–Whiney test and the Cox logistic regression adjusted for age, gender and stroke extension. We analyzed TNF alpha levels and compared it with demographic data, clinical outcome upon hospital discharge, and at 3 months post discharge with neuroimaging studies. We randomly selected 75 patients with acute strokes from a total of 253 patients that were admitted prospectively from May, 2008 to December, 2010. To determine the relationship between TNF alpha and the etiology, localization, extension, intima media thickness, carotid atherosclerotic plaque, and outcome after an acute stroke. Se fomenta el escrito médico sin relación con la ciencia: anécdotas, historias y relatos de médicos y pacientes. La revista pretende apoyar a las ciencias medicobiológicas relacionadas con la salud y tener un espacio para la historia, la filosofía y la ética. Medical writing without relation to science is promoted: anecdotes, stories and short stories of doctors and patients.ĭirigida a estudiantes y docentes de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, la revista Medicina Universitaria busca fomentar el escrito medico-científico y con ello apoyar la investigación y la creatividad en la medicina. The journal aims as well to support the medical-biological sciences related to health as to have a space for history, philosophy and ethics. It seeks to promote medical-scientific writing and thereby support research and creativity in Medicine. Finally, we consider the data regarding treatment of AATD, including AAT supplementation and its current limitations, and suggest further avenues of research informed by the multiple functions of AAT.The journal Medicina Universitaria is aimed at students and teachers of the School of Medicine of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Examining the lung maintenance program, we next consider the multiple mechanisms of airspace destruction and explore the role AATD contributes. In this review, we discuss the clinical aspects of AATD as they pertain to emphysema including similarities and differences to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. When integrated in vivo, these processes contribute to the lung maintenance program which preserves the lung despite a constant bombardment by damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and/or pathogenassociated molecular patterns (PAMPs) initiated by cigarette smoke, pollutants, or infections. Evidence now suggests that AAT plays an important role in modulating immunity, inflammation, proteostasis, apoptosis, and possibly cellular senescence programs. Over the past decade, however, investigations of AATD have described multiple functions of AAT beyond those generally attributed to its antiprotease activity. Considered the prototypic serpin, the emphysema observed in patients with AATD, consisting of progressive destruction of the alveoli and small airway structures, formed the basis of the protease/anti-protease imbalance theory of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Systemic deficiency in AAT (AATD) due to genetic mutations can result in liver failure and chronic lung disease such as emphysema. Α-1 anti-trypsin (AAT) is the most abundant circulating serine protease inhibitor (serpin) and an acute phase reactant.